In 1933 various articles appeared in the daily papers asking for an investigation of conditions in the penitentiaries and citing various abuses. The matter was taken up by the late General Secretary, who carried on correspondence with the various chaplains, with the Prisoners' Aid and Welfare Association in Montreal and interviewed personally several discharged prisoners in an endeavour to get some information on the subject. The late Canon Vernon headed a delegation from the Social Service Council of Canada to wait on the Premier and the Minister of Justice with recommendations on penal reform. He obtained permission from the Minister of Justice to visit the various penitentiaries in the autumn of 1933. At the last annual meeting of the Council for Social Service the following resolutions were passed:
1. There ought to be a thorough investigation and study by an independent and representative commission of all our penal and reformatory institutions, whether dominion, provincial or local, and of the entire system of dealing with delinquents and criminals.
2. Careful consideration should be given to the findings of the Royal Commission of 1914, and of the committee of 1921.
3. That the English Adult Probation System, and the so-called Borstal System, should be carefully considered with a view to their adoption in Canada.
4. And that copies of the foregoing recommendations be sent to the Premier of the Dominion, and the Minister of Justice, to the Premier and attorney-generals of the various provinces, to the Social Service Council of Canada, and to the Canadian Prisoners' Welfare Association.
We understand that conditions have improved very much in the last year, and various reforms have been instituted. The restrictions that formerly hampered the chaplains in the discharge of their duties have been lessened, and it is felt that in future a greater effort will be made to help the men to get such training and education, both mental and spiritual, while they are in the penitentiary, that will enable them to re-establish themselves when they are released.
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That in the tenth and following lines all the words following "1933" down to and including "Welfare Association" be not printed in the published Report. CARRIED in both Houses.
That the Parliament of Canada be urged to put into effect in Canada a system of dealing with persons convicted of crime between the ages of 16 and 21 similar, so far as circumstances may warrant, to that known in England as the Borstal System, so that in dealing with young offenders proper segregation may be secured and the reformation of such offenders be facilitated; and that this Resolution be forwarded to the Social Service Council of Canada for action. CARRIED in both Houses.
"Even in the midst of war we must get on with problems which are for ever with us. Not the least of these is the matter of delinquency and crime. The Church should be making more opportunities for the spiritual and social care of the delinquent: it should also be interested in penal reform. Salvage and preventive work must proceed side by side (p. [1])".
"I briefly state here what is of primary importance to Canada. First, we must continue to insist that the Government, as a preliminary step, appoint the three persons called for by the Report [of the Royal Commission on Penal Reform] and provided for by Federal Legislation last year. Then we must seek to co-ordinate to a greater degree Federal and Provincial authority and jurisdiction. Thirdly, in spite of geographical difficulties and of even large expense we must get on with establishing a Borstal System. As Canadians and Christians we must be willing to pay the price. But, indeed, the initial cost will be more than made up by the actual saving afterwards -- both in money and souls. We should be able to clear our penitentiaries and reformatories of half their population. As a Canadian people we must be enlightened, then determined, and then willing to pay the initial price.
But all that concerns the `system' and Governmental controls and action. In the meantime, the Church and Church people must be more in earnest about our pastoral responsibility. Our clergy should know the prisoners more than they do, know the inside of the gaols (!) and be more ready with both spiritual and social care (p. 2)". -- Editorial.
Contents: Editorial / W.W. Judd -- The Parish Priest and the District Gaol / E.J.G. Tucker -- "By Their Stripes Ye Shall Know Them" / J. Arthur Waring -- Another Plea for the Borstal System / Adeline De La Feld -- Counting the Cost of Crime / F.H. Brewin -- Pertinent Books in the Council's Library.
That the Sixteenth Session of the General Synod of the Church of England in Canada expresses appreciation for the initial efforts of those Provinces including Ontario, British Columbia and Saskatchewan, in their investigation into the Borstal System, and into the Council Jail System in their Provinces; and that a copy of this resolution be sent to the Premiers of the Provinces concerned. CARRIED in both Houses.
That the Dominion Government be urged to implement the report of the Royal Commission so far as it advises the institution of the Borstal System. CARRIED in both Houses.
1. This General Synod of the Anglican Church of Canada commends the Commissioner of Penitentiaries and those associated with him for the leadership given in instituting and expanding new programmes for the rehabilitation of prisoners in the Federal correctional field and also commends the Authorities concerned of those Provinces which have initiated and extended some programmes along the same lines,
But draws the attention of all Authorities concerned and of the Canadian public generally to Canada's present high rate of incarceration in contrast to that of England and Wales where the Borstal and probationary systems have obtained for many years, and urges the establishment and/or extension of probationary services for adult courts in all Provinces. CARRIED in both Houses.